Egypt Shali Fortress, Siwa Oasis

Built in the 13th century, this fortress was not only a protective stronghold but also the central living area for the community, showcasing a unique adaptation to the harsh desert environment.

Constructed primarily from kershef - a blend of salt rock and mud-brick, materials abundant in the area - Shali Fortress embodies the natural harmony between human habitation and the environment. This choice of material ensured the fortress was both insulated against the scorching daytime heat and cool during the chilly desert nights, making it a practical solution for the extreme climate of the Western Desert of Egypt.